Diatomaceous Edible Earth

Due to so much interest and inquiries, i have finally put this page together to provide all the information i know about this product.

I use it on the farm daily - with great results and recommend it all day long!

What In The World Is Diatomaceous Earth?

And, What Can It Do For The Livestock Producer? Farmer? Animal Owner?" 

By Janet "J.D." 

Sands Millions of years ago, in all the waters of the earth, microscopic one-celled plants called diatoms took the minerals from the waters and created protective shells for themselves. Diatoms once lived in quantities far beyond the minds ability to conceive, and as they died their shells drifted to the bottom of the sea beds. In this manner, vast deposits of diatom shells were laid down. Through the history of man's existence, a wide variety of valuable uses have been found for what has come to be called "diatomaceous earth." There are now more than 1,500 ways in which man benefits from this incredible material left by diatoms, Silicon Dioxide, along with a smattering of trace minerals. According to Perma-Guard's Wally Thorpe, there are many varieties of diatoms, and the preponderance of the type of diatom in any given deposit will give that deposit certain characteristics greatly differing to other deposits. Perma-Guard, Inc, is an Albuquerque, New Mexico, based company specializing in producing agricultural and livestock-related products, all utilizing diatomaceous earth.

 

Thorpe also tells us there are two primary types of diatomaceous earth deposits. Since three-fourths of the earth is covered with oceans, most deposits are of the salt water type. There are deposits which also occur in fresh water lakes and within this second type of deposit, the purity is exceptional. In fact, says Thorpe, who utilizes only fresh water deposits in his products, "It is so pure that the Food and Drug Administration has given it a "food-grade" designation.

 

The governments of the United States and Canada recognize that fossil shell flour is safe to use in animal foods in an amount not to exceed 2 percent by weight of the total feed ration. When added at this percentage, fossil shell flour prevents "clumping" of feed particles by keeping them separate, so there is improved flowability, mixability and handling of the animal feed. This in turn, creates two big advantages to the animals who consume fossil shell flour at the recommended feed ration. First, acting as an anti-caking agent to prevent "clumping" of feed particles, the surface area of feed exposed to the digestive processes - both bacterial and enzymatic - is increased and therefore more feed is actually digested and utilized. Secondly, fossil shell flour contains a small amount of 14 trace minerals.

Simply understanding what diatomaceous earth (DE) is wouldn't mean very much to any of us, however, without the awareness of what pure diatomaceous earth products can do for us as livestock and animal breeders, feed crop producers, farmers, ranchers - even as pet and home owners. There is evidence, for example, that ancient Chinese added DE to their animal feeds 5,000 years ago, and various countries in Europe have been using DE as an animal food additive for some time now. The Perma-Guard company, with the help of Arizona State University, obtained a patent on adding DE to animal feeds in the United States in the early 1960's. Since that time, thousands of animal owners and livestock breeders have discovered that adding fossil shell flour to their animals' rations has produced a number of incredible benefits.

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 Testimonials from Customers, Vets, and Researchers:

Improved Digestion for animals
Absorbs viruses and bacteria—passes them from the body
Kills stomach and intestinal parasites better than toxic poisons

-- with NO SIDE EFFECTS
Cuts vet bills up to 75%
Improves bone structure
Gives hair more body and shiny appearance
Stops fly hatch in manure. (neighbors no longer complain about flies)
Stops horses from chewing fence, cows from eating dirt
Greatly lowers odor of manure (neighbors no longer complain about the smell)
Kills many bugs by dehydration--environmentally safe
Beneficial as soil additive--safe for earth worms
Provides 15 trace minerals to animals

Uses our customers have found for Fossil Shell Flour:

• Humans - Mix 1 heaping tsp. with a glass of water or juice daily. It is believed to remove viruses, eliminate parasites, stop arthritis, clean colon, to reduce cholesterol levels,  help regulate bowel movements, settle the stomach, calm the nerves, stop diarrhea, and give the benefits from the 14 trace minerals. In Europe, DE is used as a health and beauty aid to improve and strengthen hair, skin, nails, bones, and teeth.
• As a feed additive for pets or livestock, to eliminate parasites, reduce smell of manure, reduce fly hatch, and reduce or eliminate vet bills.
• Added at a rate of 2% to pet food in the bag or bin. Prevents feed from bugs and from getting stale or moldy. Keeps pets from getting worms or other internal parasites. Cuts vet bills.
• With feed for chickens and turkeys - makes shells harder, reduced mortality rate, reduce odors, dries droppings quickly, reduces fly hatch.
• Fed to hogs or calves with scours - stops scours after one feeding.
• To dust animal bedding, to kill fleas, ticks, chiggers, lice, and roaches.
• In attics and walls as an insect barrier.
• In grain storage - one treatment will kill all bugs and keep moisture and bugs out. Will allow seeds to sprout after years in storage.
• Dust under and behind appliances as an insect preventative.
• Dust under box-spring, and on mattresses to eliminate bugs.
• Mix into soil for a soil conditioner. Will retain over 6 times its weight in moisture and will release it as the plants need it. It may also help with nematodes.
• On lawns, will retain moisture and prevent drought damage.
• On camping trips. Dusting the ground where you intend to place your tent prevents ants and other unwanted pests from coming into the tent.
• Gardens: Recommended using a 50 lb bag over a 10 x 20 area. This will also activate the nitrogen in the soil.
  Perma-Guard (Food Grade) Fossil Shell Flour and Grain Storage  --100% Pure Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth from a fresh water source is 100% NON-TOXIC and FDA Approved
  • As a feed additive for ivestock, birds, pets, and humans (reported to eliminate parasites), and add 14 trace minerals to the system.
  • Reduce odors.
  • Remove harmful bacteria from the upper intestinal tract.
  • Reduce fly hatch.
  • Stop animals from licking holes and chewing fence posts.
  • Can be used as a soil conditioner. It holds over 6 times its weight in water.
  • As a barrier against slugs and snails.
  • To remove odors – shake on manure, urine, vomit, or spills to absorb odors and moisture.
  • In Europe and Asia this product is used extensively as a health and beauty product for hair, skin, nails, bones, and joints.
  • Also used in seed and grain storage to keep dry and bug free indefinitely.
  • As an anti-caking agent to absorb oil, moisture and odors.
  • Camping - to dust around tent and camp area for the control of crawling insects.
  • Completely safe and non-toxic
  • Stimulates basic metabolism
  • Humans - Mix 1 and a half tsp. with a glass of water or juice daily. It is believed to remove viruses, eliminate parasites, and give the benefits from the 14 trace minerals.
  • As a feed additive for pets or livestock, to eliminate parasites, reduce smell of manure, reduce fly hatch, controls worms and internal parasites and reduce or eliminate vet bills.
  • Keeps fly larvae from developing in manure, noticeably reducing the fly population.
  • Reduces odor and moisture in barns and stalls
  • Added at a rate of 2% to pet food in the bag or bin. Prevents feed from bugs and from getting stale or moldy. Keeps pets from getting worms or other internal parasites without chemicals. Cuts vet bills.
  • With feed for chickens and turkeys - makes shells harder, reduced mortality rate.
  • Fed to hogs or calves with scours - stops scours after one feeding.
  • Controls fleas and ticks. Use to dust animal bedding, to kill fleas, ticks, chiggers, lice, and roaches.
  • In attics and walls as an insect barrier.
  • In grain storage - one treatment will kill all bugs and keep moisture and bugs out. Will allow seeds to sprout after years in storage.
  • Dust under and behind appliances as an insect preventative.
  • Dust under box-spring, and on mattresses to eliminate bugs.
  • Mix into soil for a soil conditioner. Will retain over 6 times its weight in moisture and will release it as the plants need it. It may also help with nematodes.
  • On lawns, will retain moisture and prevent drought damage.
  • On camping trips. Dusting the ground where you intend to place your tent prevents ants and other unwanted pests from coming into the tent.
  • Converts feed better. Results in better coat and/or hoof condition
  • Reduces overall animal stress
  • Cost effective
  • * Completely safe and non-toxic
    * Controls fleas and ticks-Can be used as a dust for external parasites
    * Stimulates basic metabolism
    * Better feed conversion
    * Reduces odor and moisture in barns, pens, and stalls
    * Results in better coat and/or hoof condition
    * Mixed with feed it constantly attacks parasites Keeps fly larvae from developing in manure, noticeably reducing the fly population
    * Cost effective
    * Reduces annual vet bills
    * Reduces overall animal stress

  • *Controls internal and external parasites without chemicals-a natural wormer-also see Chemical Wormers are becoming ineffective article
    *Easy to feed
    *Decreased mortality
    *In cattle- increased milk production
    *In cattle- decreased mastitis
    *In food animals and dairy cattle- no withdrawal prior to use of products
    *Parasites and insects cannot build up resistance
    
    

    Take your property back with PERMA-GUARD FIRE ANT INSECTICIDE.
    - it works, takes the place of conventional chemicals which lose their effectiveness as the insect adapts to the chemicals.

    Made from pure Diatomaceous Earth and Natural Pyrethrum

    Kills bugs by physical action, not chemical so bugs cannot become immune.
    Easy to use and does not require professionals.
    Even after the pyrethrum is gone Diatomaceous Earth is still highly repellent.

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    A word about chemical pesticides failure.

    Fire ants arrived in the US, stowed away on a ship around the year 1940 in Mobile, Alabama. Ever since they have exploded and expanded their range about 50 miles a year and appear in at least 24 states.

    Millions of dollars have been spent trying to eradicate these nasty biting ants by using chemicals. All chemicals proved fruitless and a failure over time. Insects have the amazing ability to adapt to any chemical or pesticide no matter how toxic it is to humans or other animals. They actually change themselves genetically so the chemicals are harmless-to them, not us. There was a scientific experiment done that showed that the fruit fly adapted so well that it couldn't survive without DDT in its diet. After years of using pesticides to control insects, one thing became clear-No insect has ever made the endangered list, yet our agricultural insect problems are 40 times worse than in 1940.

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    Diatomaceous earth and natural pyrethrum. How does it work? The short answer:

    • Diatomaceous earth kills insects by dehydration (by removing their body fluids). Perma-Guard insecticide reduced a 3-inch hornworm to 1-1/8 inched in 4 hours by dehydration. Hard-shelled insects can’t shrink, but they “Dry” to death just the same.

    • Pyrethrum (an extract from a type of chrysanthemum flowers) acts as a nerve irritant, making the bug more active, causing the dehydration process to work much faster.

    The combination of the two is very effective on the fire ant, killing every ant on top of the ground in ten minutes. They dehydrate very quickly, and roll up into a tiny ball.

    Our products do not use strong poisons or experimental chemicals to kill insects, they kill “mechanically”. They cut, and puncture the insects exoskeleton and drain their vital fluid. Because of this, we have never heard of any insects being able to develop immunity to our products as they do to chemical insecticides. In fact, insects are developing immunity to traditional insecticides at an alarming rate today. Because our products kill mechanically, we believe that our products are the best and surest option for killing insects.

    The product can be applied as a dust or can be mixed with water. Watch the nest for activity. One treatment may be enough, but if the queen was not killed, another application may be needed.

    By sprinkling Perma Gurad on ant piles you can eliminate entire nests!!

    
    
    
    Suggested feeding instructions:

Horses 1/2 - 1 cup in daily ration or 2% of weight in feed ration
Humans 1 1/2 teaspoons stirred in cup of water

Kittens 1/2 teaspoon
Cats 1 teaspoon
Dogs under 50 lbs. 2 teaspoons
Dogs over 50 lbs. 1 Tablespoon
Dogs over 100 lbs. 2 Tablespoons
Cattle 2% by weight of dry ration
Calves 4 grams in morning
Dairy cattle  2% by weight of dry ration (4 oz. )
Chickens 5% in feed
Goats 1% in grain
Hogs 2% of weight in feed ration
Sheep 1% in ground grain

Adjustments can be made based on your own experience and the weight of the animal. Our DE is GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe by the FDA, so there is no harm of "overdose")

 

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DE is an abbreviation of the words "Diatomaceous Earth," which is a fossilized deposit of microscopic shells created by one celled plants called Diatoms. These plants inhabit all the waters of the earth, and serve as the basic food for aquatic life, just as grass is the basic food for land animals.

    Some of these deposits, shifted to dry land, are extremely important to humans. PERMA-GUARD, INC., markets the material as an animal food additive, and, with the addition of Pyrethrum, as a line of environmentally safe insecticides.

     Perma-Guard is an inert mineral dust of natural origin and contains no Synthetic Chemicals.

     Packaged as Fossil Shell Flour (FSF), DE for Humans, and as D-10 Grain Storage Product. 

     Fossil Shell Flour is used as a feed additive for livestock, birds, pets, and humans (reported to eliminate parasites), and add  trace minerals to the system.

How does it work?
To insects DE is a lethal dust with microscopic razor sharp edges. These sharp edges cut through the insect's protective covering drying it out and killing them when they are either dusted with DE or if it applied as a wettable powder spray. If they ingest the DE it will shred their insides.

Diatomaceous Earth will not harm warm-blooded animals or earthworms
Earthworm farmers use it to treat their worm beds for parasites, fungus gnat larva etc. Earth worms are structurally different from insects in that they can actually digest particles of DE. The particles are then eliminated in their castings.

Garden and Plant Product and Farm and Field Product.

For control of roaches, silverfish, ants, bedbugs, flies, fleas, box elder bugs, scorpions, crickets, and many others!    

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Important! Do not confuse our Perma Guard products with the Diatomaceous Earth (DE) that is used in swimming pool filters! This type can harm you and your animals because of the different processing.

 !!  Swimming Pool Grade DE is chemically treated and partially melted and consequently contains crystalline silica which can be a respiratory hazard. Thus, it is imperative that only natural diatomaceous earth be used for insect control. !!

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We now carry DE - give us a call...or continue reading!

 

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DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 
by Philip A. Wheeler

If as much time was spent applying diatomaceous earth (DE) to insect infestations as is spent writing about it, the pesticide companies would go out of business However, if someone doesn't keep writing about DE it seems to fade into the background. This could be explained by the fact that Dow, Monsanto, Union Carbide and other manufacturing companies don't really want their profitable poisons replaced by an inexpensive, non-toxic, naturally occurring, low margin material found in 27 countries of the world. Diatoms Are the grass of the oceans and lakes. Just as green grass is the staple food of earth animals, Diatoms (algae) are the food of the ocean or fresh water grazers. These tiny organisms Are protected by a crystal shell which looks like a miniature sand dollar. When DE organisms die, the shells pile up on the bottom to form deposits. These deposits are then mined from underwater beds or from ancient dried lake bottoms.

Once DE is mined, it can be milled or processed into a myriad of types for an even greater variety of uses. Filtering and filler are the two main uses but DE also ends up in paints, cosmetics, drugs, chemical insecticides, etc. Because the milling produces different sized and shaped particles, it is important not to use the filtering type for agricultural purposes .
Filter grind has long crystalline structures which will puncture tissue and injure animals which inhale or ingest it. DE used in agriculture must be milled until it is almost completely amorphous. This means it has no crystalline form left to cause damage to larger organisms Instead, it has small sharp edges which can damage tiny parasites, larvae, on stored grain, in animal manure, on infected plants and in the stomachs of livestock and people.
Since it also has an attractive mineral composition, DE users have reported five distinct uses on the farm: grain storage, deworming, mineralization, deodorizing/absorption, and insecticidal dusting. Each use has its own folklore, facts and fiction associated with it so each will be discussed.
APPROVED FEED ADDITIVE
The EPA has approved DE as an additive in feed for use as an anti-caking agent and has exempted it from tolerance requirements as an inert, inactive ingredient in chemical pesticides. Any uses other than those presented here are strictly reports of what farmers have done with the material.
PARASITE CONTROL
DE has been used for at least two decades as a natural wormer for livestock. It is believed that the DE scratches and dehydrates parasites. Some scientists believe that the DE is a de-ionizer or de-energizer of the worms or parasites. Regardless of the method of operation, farmers report definite control. For effective use, the DE must be fed long enough to catch all the newly hatching eggs or cycling of the worms through the lungs and back to the stomach. A minimum of 60 days is suggested at 2% of dry weight of the grain ration. Caution: do not give to very small pregnant animals such as cats, guinea pigs, etc. and do not feed continually to babies or very small adult animals such as cats, hamsters, etc. The material may be fed on a continuous basis to larger livestock for continuous parasite control and mineralization which is the next major use.
MINERALIZATION
If you began feeding DE to your poultry or livestock and noticed a gain in production, what could the gain be attributed to? The obvious answer would be that the DE reduced the parasite population which resulted in decreased stress on the animal and increased food assimilation. But what about the "mineral" content of the DE? If oyster shell meal provides calcium, then finely ground DE may also provide a broad-spectrum of naturally occurring chelated minerals. These include calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphate, sodium, titanium, potassium and others. Numerous reports of gain have been reported when adding DE: to a ration. With lack of mineralization in modern grains, it isn't hard to conceive of mineral benefits from a finely ground natural mineral product. An Alabama study on hogs showed complete stopping of wood feeder chewing when DE was added to the feed ration. Feeding at 2% of grain ration can take care of both deworming and mineralization. Most livestock will acquire a "taste" for the mineral if a small amount is mixed in with other feed. After acquiring a "taste" for DE they may take it free-choice.
DEODORIZATION/ABSORPTION
The third major farm use can be an added benefit from the first two uses. Deodorizing and absorption are natural functions of DE. These will continue to happen as undigested DE passes through with manure. Reduced fly hatching is usually observed in manure from livestock fed DE. Some dairy and hog farmers are also spreading it in bedding (for odor and moisture control) in addition to that coming through the manure.
FLY CONTROL/INSECTICIDE
Fly control is a major problem with livestock operations. DE can be placed in tightly woven burlap bags and hung in doorways. Livestock will be attracted to it and work the bag until their heads are covered with powder which repels flies. In closed areas, DE can be fogged with hand cranked or electric foggers to wipe out flies. Livestock need not be removed and contamination of milk or feed is not a concern. Since the DE "kill" is always mechanical in nature, it is important that the material come in direct contact with the insect. Mixing DE with things flies are attracted to around the farm may cause them to ingest DE in their attempts to eat the attractant. Besides fly control, DE can be used as an insecticide on most crops. In 1943 the USDA found that DE had an 86% mortality against pea weevil. On California cotton fields, DE was found to be more effective than insecticides and the yield was substantially increased (Tucker, 1978). Other tests indicate that DE is effective in controlling aphids, brown mites, red spider mites, twig bores, oriental fruit moths and coddling moths in orchards (Alien, 1972: DeCrusta, 1979). Field use of DE had several problems Not sticking to the vegetation is the main one. Apply DE when plants are moist from natural or artificial sources to aid sticking but re-application is usually necessary after a heavy rain. Putting a negative electrostatic charge on the DE has greatly increased in adherence to leaf surfaces. One company which has since gone bankrupt perfected an electrostatic applicator but widespread use never occurred. Adding an attractant may also be useful here and several patents have been issued for that purpose.
GRAIN PROTECTION
The last use to discuss is grain and flour storage. DE offers the only easy answer to chemical contamination of stored grain. Irradiation could be used, but cost and negative health effects make it very undesirable. This writer has kept wheat, oats, and spelt in open bins for two years or more with no insect damage by applying DE at approximately 7 pounds pet ton of stored grain. The DE was sprinkled into the auger by hand As an examination of its effectiveness, it was compared with malathion and untreated grain on 1,000 bushels of wheat by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. After 12 months storage, the DE treated material had 15 insects compared to 4884 for malathion and 16,994 for untreated. Although 7 pounds of DE may lower the commercial grade of wheat immediately after treatment, the wheat maintained its grade longer than other treated or untreated grain. Flour yielding and bread baking qualities are not affected. The new patents allowing DE to be used effectively at 1 to 2 pounds per ton instead of 7 pounds should eliminate any grade deterioration problems. Recent grain board tests in Canada have proven in the field what the patents claimed on paper, i.e. DE protects stored grain without contaminating it. DE is not the same. Differences have accounted for large variations in past testing on DE as an insecticide which has slowed the universal acceptance of DE for that purpose. This writer prefers fresh water diatoms to sea types for several reasons. The bio-activity seems to be better and the health ramifications of breathing the fine white dust seems to be almost negligible because of its 99% plus amorphous structure compared with a higher percentage crystalline structure. Since we now have electronic testing equipment available it pays to "check it out" before buying and using any DE. Reprinted by permission of ACRES USA, INC., Kansas City, Missouri Nutritional Research Assoc. Inc.'s
FOSSIL FLOUR is a non-treated, non-milled, non-calcined fresh water form of Diatomaceous Earth. It consists of microscopic fresh water diatoms which were deposited millions of years ago and have since fossilized. Under microscopic examination each particle looks like a tiny glass spear which pricks the outer skin or coating of insects, worms, maggots, etc. causing them to dehydrate and die. The product is a fine powder, white to gray in color. Diatomaceous Earth is approved for use as an anti-caking agent in livestock and poultry feeds. Nutritional Research Assoc., Inc. makes no claims about diatomaceous earth other than for approved uses. Test results (University of Illinois) in 1966 show that the use of the product does not harm animals or leave residues in milk or meat.

 

Is There Really that much of a Difference in DE Products?

YES!

Anyone who lumps all Diatomaceous Earth types together without talking about the differences in crystalline and non-crystalline silica is not only doing you a disservice, but also has not done their homework.

Because diatoms form in any water and sometimes even on land, their diversity is unmatched. Due to this, one can find himself or herself using a low quality DE or one that can be very harmful to them and their animals.

Because of water currents, most deposits of diatoms can be very impure, some even dangerous. There are over 25,000 varieties of diatoms, having different sizes and shapes. The mineral content of the deposits vary a great deal, as water currents mix all kinds of foreign materials, some, such as Arsenic, being dangerous or deadly. The shapes of the diatoms are important as well. Some cigar shaped diatoms can actually stick in the lungs or organs of the animals causing major problems. The DE we use and recommend consists of cylinder shaped diatoms with a lattice like shell that looks much like a sieve.

Hardness is also a concern because many if not most DE deposits are inferior. Many are softer and therefore won’t be nearly as effective. Perma-Guard DE has a hardness factor of 7 on a scale that puts a diamond at a 9. This hardness factor allows the diatom particle to abrade the waxy outer coating or cuticle on an insect’s body and absorb its body moisture, and this same hardness is what works in the intestine of the animal that consumes it.

West of the Mississippi, there are over 600 deposits of DE -- the vast majorities are useless. In fact, Perma-Guard only knows of four deposits that meet the FDA requirements to be called "Food Grade." So even if it says "Food Grade" on the package, that doesn’t mean it is the highest quality. In fact, most are inferior due mostly to impurities or hardness.

International Agricultural Laboratories, Inc physicist, Carey Reams says in summary, "All of the elements in Perma-Guard DE are so enjoined into either a cheated or colloidal form until they appear to work in unison with each other rather than as individual elements. Thinking of them as individual elements is quite misleading. None of these elements found in Basic Perma-Guard are considered poisonous."

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Club-Mini Farm now sells pure organic food grade diatomaceous earth and we take great pride in the fact that we sell the highest quality DE available.  We have a few damaged 50lbs bags from our last truckload, so are selling this DE simply listed as Bulk DE and passing the savings on to you. What we are selling  as Bulk DE is Perma-Guard Fossil Shell Flour taken from a Perma-Guard bag and is organic, pure, food-grade, freshwater DE. Since it is a great deal of expense and trouble to re-label due to Goverment regulations and legal limitations, the DE will come in a plastic bag and shipped in a box.  In addition, we will include the MSDS sheet in the box.  DE is ideal for your home, farm, or garden. Use it for virtually everything!    Bulk DE pick-up pricing 1 LBS bag  -  $ 5 5 LBS  bag  -  $ 10 10 LBS bag  -  $ 15   50 LBS bag  -  $  55  (Perma-Guard DE in original packaging)   If we are shipping the DE to you - you are responsible for shipping costs - call for a quote!     Analysis of Perma-Guard Fossil Shell Flour
Mineral	PPM		%Composition		Mineral	PPM	%Composition
Calcium	1300		0.13		Vanadium	4	0.0004
Magnesium	750.67		0.075067		Germanium	2	0.0002
Sodium	680		0.068		Mercury	2	0.0002
Potassium	478		0.0478		Cadmium	1	0.0001
Copper	4		0.0004		Lead	5	0.0005
Zinc	5.33		0.000533		Aluminum	1100	0.1100
Iron	950		0.0950		Arsenic	0	0
Phosphorus	76		0.0076		Lithium	3	0.0003
Selenium	2		0.0002		Strontium	20	0.002
Silicon (Soluble)	21.67		0.002167		Barium	11.33	0.001133
Boron	7		0.0007		Gold	0.067	0.0000067
Manganese	32.33		0.003233		Telurium	0	0
Chromium	2.33		0.000233		Thallium	0	0
Cobalt	5.67		0.000567		Beryllium	0.05	0.000005
Tin	3.67		0.000367		Bismuth	0	0
Nickel	2.33		0.000233		Total Acid Soluble		0.5470117
Molybdenum	0.67		0.000067		Acid insoluble matrix		99.4529883*
					Total Composition		100.0000000
* Note: Difference from Acid Solutes. Purity of the Diatomaceous Earth ( Fossil Shell Flour) was confirmed
by MALDI mass spectometry, indicating that the material is virtually free from any other form of contamination.
MALDI is a technique in which the matrix is used to assist ionization of molecules on the surface of the material,
caused by a blast from a UV Laser. This analysis confirms purity and suggests that even the above listed trace
elements are not readily ionized and volatilized from the surface.
					Cordially,
					Galen D. Knight, Ph.D.
					President, VitaleTherapeutics, Inc.
					3205 Arizona NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110  USA
					voice: (505)884-8644
					website: www.VitaleTherapuetics.org